摘要： 小麦穗发芽是指小麦籽粒在成熟季节遇到连绵阴雨时节，收获前在穗上发芽的一种现象，既造成产量的下降也造成品质的损失。本研究以555份来自世界各地的小麦资源为研究对象，其中502份为白皮小麦、53份为彩色小麦。通过在7个不同的环境下对502份白皮小麦进行发芽率鉴定，发现白皮小麦穗发芽抗性易受环境影响；通过与53份彩色小麦的发芽率对比，发现白皮小麦穗发芽抗性显著低于彩色小麦；对比不同类型白皮小麦的发芽率，发现育成品种的穗发芽抗性显著高于育成品系和地方品种；比较不同来源地的小麦发芽率表型，揭示了欧洲白皮小麦的穗发芽抗性显著高于其他四大洲，美洲白皮小麦的穗发芽抗性显著高于非洲和大洋洲，非洲和大洋洲白皮小麦的穗发芽抗性最差。同时，对来自世界各洲的白皮小麦穗发芽抗性进行大范围鉴定，从国外白皮小麦资源中筛选出7份具有稳定穗发芽抗性的白皮小麦（AS660365、AS660442、AS660571、AS660319、AS660260、AS660342、AS660361）供育种学家使用，这对我国白皮小麦的穗发芽抗性改良具有重要的作用。
关键词： 小麦；白皮；抗穗发芽；资源
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Zhou Yong， Li Jinqiong， Li Jia， Liu Yaxi， Jiang Qiantao， Pu Zhien，Wang Jirui^*

（  Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang Chengdu, Sichuan 611130；  ）

Abstract： Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) is considered a worldwide disaster that reduces wheat production and damages its quality. In this study, PHS evaluation of 555 wheat accessions including 502 white-grained wheat genotypes collected from five continents was conducted. Based on the test conducted for 3 years at 4 different locations, it was found that PHS tolerance was influenced by environment. Using 53 colorful genotypes as a CK, higher PHS was observed in colorful seeds than white varieties. Significantly lower germination rates were observed in cultivars rather than breeding materials and landraces in white-grained wheat. No obvious difference was observed between germination rate of breeding materials and landraces in white-grained wheat accessions. PHS tolerance of genotypes from Europe was significantly higher than other four continents. The lowest PHS were observed in Varieties from Africa and Oceanica. By evaluating a large number of white wheat genotypes, 7 white-grained wheat genotypes (AS660365, AS660442, AS660571, AS660319, AS660260, AS660342 and AS660361) were selected as high PHS tolerant and could be utilized in breeding programs for PHS in white wheat.
Keywords： Wheat; White-grained; Pre-harvest sprouting tolerance; materials