焦晓林， 张雪松， 胡永建， 高微微^*

（  中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所；  ）

摘要： 为了探讨种植西洋参后的土壤中5种脂肪酸在土壤浓度下对西洋参的化感作用，以及与玉米地的浓度差异，建立了土壤中5种脂肪酸的GC-MS含量测定方法，根据田间的实测数据设计以溶液及土壤为基质的生物测定实验。结果表明，老参地土壤中硬脂酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸、油酸、壬二酸的含量分别为34.0±3.9、41.7±3.4、1.05±0.27、1.09±0.15、1.17±0.08 mg/kg，在这些浓度下，5种脂肪酸对西洋参胚根抑制率在溶液中为52%~100%，在土壤中为36%~100%；对胚芽抑制率在溶液中均为100%，在土壤中为66%~100%。老参地土壤中的硬脂酸、棕榈酸含量比玉米地高100.1%、87.8%（P<0.05），亚油酸、油酸、壬二酸的含量接近（P>0.05）。5种脂肪酸在种植过西洋参和玉米的土壤浓度下对西洋参种胚均具有化感抑制作用。
关键词： 土壤；西洋参；脂肪酸；化感作用；玉米

Jiao Xiaolin， Zhang Xuesong， Hu Yongjian， Gao Weiwei^*

（  Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College；  ）

Abstract： In this paper the effects of five fatty acids existing in American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) cultivated soil on American ginseng growth are investigated at their field natural concentrations, and their concentrations' variation between American ginseng and maize cultivated soils are analyzed. According to the contents of five fatty acids in field soil determined by GC-MS, we designed their concentrations for bioassays in solution or in soil. The results showed that the contents of five fatty acids, including stearic, palmitic, linoleic, oleic, and azelaic acids, were 34.0±3.9, 41.7±3.4, 1.05±0.27, 1.09±0.15, and 1.17±0.08 mg/kg, respectively in American ginseng cultivated soil. At these concentrations, five fatty acids reduced the growth of American ginseng embryo, with inhibited rates of 52%-100% in solution and 36%-100% in soil on radicle, while with inhibited rates 100% in solution and 66%-100% in soil on shoot. The contents of stearic, palmitic acids in American ginseng cultivated soil were increased by 100.1%, 87.8% compared to those in maize cultivated soil (P<0.05), while linoleic, oleic, and azelaic acids levels were same (P>0.05). In conclusion, five fatty acids show allelopathic inhibited effects on American ginseng growth at concentrations of ginseng and maize cultivated soil.
Keywords： soil; Panax quinquefolium; fatty acid; allelopathic effect; maize

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