研究结果（Result)是一篇论文的核心（the core of the paper),其 水平标志着论文的学术水平或技术创新的程度，是论文的主体部分。总 的要求是必须实事求是、客观真实、准确地用说明性材料（图和表）描 述主要成果或发现。文字描述要合乎逻辑、层次分明、简练可读。有人 把Result和Discussion放在一起写，但是大多数论文要求分开叙述。 这两种做法取决于论文的类型，比如论著（research article)和快报 (rapid communication)。有一些 SCI 期刊的 rapid communication 要求 Result 与 Discussion 合并。

1.研究结果写作要点

　　研究结果写作的主要内容= What did you find?

研究结果写作框架见示例10-U 研究结果写作要点包括：

　　(1)言简意赅（be concise)。对实验或观察结果的表达要高度概括 和提炼，不能简单地将实验记录数据或观察事实堆积到论文中，尤其是 要突出有科学意义和具代表性的数据，而不是没完没了地重复一般性 数据。

示例10-1

 

 

Uustion to addnas-

to address it i

 

What did you observe?

I;or each (.xpcrimcnt or procedure：

_ Briefly describe experiment wiihout dcuiil of Methods section (a sentence or two).

? Report main result(s),supported \>y sclct-ted data： Representative： most L'ornmon. rv,Best Case： best example of ideal or exception.

     (2) 避免重复（avoidmpcthion)。决定哪些内容纳人结果部分. 哪些内容迁移到Discussion部分。在结果部分，你只描述结果?一般不 作解释。在Discussion部分进行解释，并与已知的报道比较.不要重复 所有结果。

     (3) 对实验或观察结果要客观地评价。你观察到什么？或你发现了 什么？对每个实验或程序要：

>简述实验（没有详细方法）：如“By Western blot analysis, we found that

>报告的主要结果（main result):包括预期结果（positive result) 和阴性结果（negative result)。

     >典型实例：最常见的（most common)。

     > 最佳案例：最理想的例证（best example of ideal or exception)。

     (4) 研究结果是表达作者思想观点最重要的部分，为表达清楚，多 数研究结果必须分成若干个层次来写。有的研究结果会分成若干个肉然 段。注意一个自然段只能表述一个中心意思。也可以分成若干个小标题 进行分层表述。但不论是分成若干个自然段，还是用小标题进行表述? 都要注意层次之间的逻辑关系。多结果的逻辑排列，应遵循以下原则。

     >从最重要到最不最重要（from most to least important)。

     > 由简单到复杂（from simple to complex)。

> 按相同类排列，如 organ l)y organ、chemical class hy chemical class 〇

     >写作应按研究问题的逻辑关系来写.不应按实验或试验的时间顺序来写。

　　(5) 数据表达可采用文字与图、表相结合的形式。如果只有一个或 很少的测定结果，在正文中用文字描述即可；如果数据较多，可采用 图、表形式来完整、详细地表述，文字部分则用来指出图、表中资料的 重要特性或趋势。

　　(6) —般不解释原始数据（do not interpret the data)。如果论文中 还包括独立的DiwuSSiori部分，应将对研究结果的详细讨论留到该部分 (示例10-2和示例10-3)。

     示例10-2

[结果没有解释]The duration of exposure to running water had a pronounced effect on cumulative seed germination percentages (Fig. 2). Seeds exposed to the 2 day treatment had the highest cumulative germination (84%), 1. 25 times that of the 12 h or 5 day groups and 4 times that of controls.

[带有解释性]The results of the germination experiment (Fig. 2) suggest tha the optimal time for running-water treatment is 2 days. This group showed the highest cumulative germination (84%)，with longer (5 d) or shorter (12 h) exposures producing smaller gains in germination when compared to the control group.

     示例10-3

     The following observations were made as a result of experiments conducted by Casey Hospital with respect to four types of E.coli bacterial strains.

     The graph illustrates that 5 mg/ml. of chloramphenicol stopped the

growth (tf two\strains of E. coli; EC 1 and EC 3. It also illustrates that the

5 mg/ml of chloramphenicol had little to no effect on the EC 2 strain of E.

coll and had a minimal effect on EC 4 strain of E. coll as the colonj^sizes

were negr maxi\num of the standard resuli This sho、

coll

重点是图而不是结果。哪个图？

 

     示例10-3修改后：

     On observation of each strain of E.colij it was apparent that all treat-ments used a deterring effect on the growth of E. colt colonies hul some treatments were more effective on particular strains than others (see Figure 1).

　　E. coli strain 1 ( EC 1) tended to be the most sensitive as it produced no colonies on any of the treated plates ( see Figure 1) ?. coli strains 2 and 3 (EC 2 and EC 3) tended lo have an intermediate sensitivity to antibiotic treatments. EC 2 was more resilient towards the chloramphenicol treatment, and EC 3 was more resilient towards the streptomycin treatment. Although colonies were detected on each treatment type^ the average number of colonies per plate was significantly lower than that of the control plates. No colonies were detected on the combination treatment (see Figure 1) . E. coli .strain 4 (EC 4) tended to be the least sensitive overall, as it produced colonies on all treatment plates, even though it was more sensitive to the individual treatments* compared to EC 2 and EC 3 (see Figure 1)

　　(7)文字表达应准确、简洁、清楚。避免使用冗长的词汇或句子来介绍或解释图、表。为简洁、清楚起见，不要把图、表的序号作为段落 的主题句，应在句子中指出图、表所揭示的结论，并把图、表的序号放 入括号中（示例10-4)。

示例10~4

　　[不推荐] Figure 2 shoWvS that neurons were distinguished from astrocytes by the selective labeling of astrocytes with SR-101.

[推荐] Neurons were distinguished from astrocytes by the selec

tive labeling of astrocytes with SR-101 (Fig. 2).

[不推荐] The results are given in Figure 1.

[推荐] Temperature was directly proportional to metabolic rate

(Fig. 1).

(8) 避免赘述。避免同样的数据出现在图和表。

(9) 尽量用均值、百分数等概括原始数据值（raw data)。

　　(10) 报告数据或统计资料时，应该赋予适当的单位（appropriate unit)(示例 10-5) 〇

示例10-5

单个数据 “The maximum time was 140 min”。

     多位数据需要加上误差（error value)，如“…was (10±2. 3) h”。 一系列的数字都具有相同的单位，在尾数加单位（unit),如“No differences were observed after 2,4,6or 8 h of incubation'