刘文婷， 姚恩建^*， 杨扬， 宋媛媛

（  北京交通大学交通运输学院，北京 100044；  ）

摘要： 准确估算电动汽车的荷电状态（SOC），可以为驾驶员的充电需求判断、充电站以及出行路径的选择等提供决策依据，进而促进电动汽车的使用和推广。首先，利用电动汽车台架法能耗实验数据，分析了车辆的机动车比功率（VSP）对电动汽车能耗的影响，引入平均速度这一较易获取的中观交通状态参数，通过分析某一平均速度下的VSP分布，探索平均速度与电能消耗的关系。其次，借鉴既有研究中开路电压与SOC的关系模型，对实验中采集到电动汽车动力电池端电压数据进行拟合，构建端电压与电动汽车电池SOC间的关系模型，分析电池能耗随SOC的变化特征，准确估算特定SOC条件下所对应的电池能量。然后，基于路网的动态交通信息数据，提出电动汽车荷电状态估算的算法。最后，以北京市路网作为案例，在不同起点SOC下对电动汽车到达终点时的SOC进行估算。
关键词： 公路运输；电动汽车；能耗；荷电状态估算；交通信息

LIU Wenting， YAO Enjian^*， YANG Yang， SONG Yuanyuan

（  School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044；  ）

Abstract： Accurate estimation of electric vehicle's SOC can provide decision making basis for driver's charging demand judgment, charging stations selection and route choice, and then promote the use of electric vehicles. First, the paper analyzes the impact of the Vehicle Specific Power (VSP) on electric vehicle energy consumption based on the data collected by the chassis dynamometer test. The relationship between average speed and energy consumption is discussed based on the distribution of VSP under specific average speed, a mesoscopic traffic state parameter which can easily obtained. Second, on the basis of the existing research, this paper presents a model of the relationship between the terminal voltage and SOC by fitting experimental data to analyze energy consumption characteristics along with different SOC and accurately estimate battery power under specific SOC. Then, electric vehicle's SOC estimation algorithm is proposed based on dynamic traffic information. Finally, electric vehicle's SOC at destination is estimated based on different SOC at origin by the example of Beijing road network.
Keywords： road transportation; electric vehicle; energy consumption; SOC estimation; traffic information

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